SOMATOFORM D*

SOMATOFORM DISORDER

These are characterized by repeated presentation of physical symptoms suggesting a physical disorder in the absence of demonstrable organic findings. On the other hand, there is strong evidence from psychogenesis which is denied by the patient.

The main Somatoform Disorders are:

1. Somatisation Disorder: The essential features are multiple recurrent somatic symptoms at long duration. Symptoms are referable to any part of the body but the commonest are those related to gastrointestinal system, like belching regurgitation, vomiting and abdominal skin sensations like tingling, itching and burning etc.

2.  Hypochondriacal Disorder: It is a morbid pre-occupation with the possibility of having a serious and progressive illness. Disease conviction and disease phobia characterize the condition.

3.  Somatoform Autonomic Dysfunction: A system or an organ under autonomic innervations is affected in this type. In the cardiovascular system the symptoms are palpitations, breathlessness and inflammatory pain. Symptoms referable to the respiration system (hyperventilation, persistent hiccough) or gastrointestinal system (diarrhea) may be present. Associated with the complaints are objective signs of an autonomic arousal like tachycardia, flushing, sweating and tremors. Evidence of psychological stress may or may not be present.

4.   Somatoform Pain Disorders: Unexplained and severe pain persisting in the absence of physical condition is the essential feature of this type.