11. Disorders of Thought
· Disorders of Form
o Dereistic thinking: Digression from reality
o Incoherence
o Concretism (bizarreness of thinking)
o Illogical thinking
o Over inclusion: irrelevant
o Intellectualization: Preoccupation with abstract and philosophical issues.
o Condensation: Many ideas are compared into one or two words.
o Neologism: Coining new words.
· Disorders of Progression
o Disorders of productivity (volume): crowding of thoughts and pressure of speech; low productivity and poverty of ideas.
o Disorders of tempo (speed): the tempo is accelerated and the flow of words is rapid.
o Disorders of direction: Direction of thought is lost in ‘derailment’ and the thought goes astray from the intended theme.
· Disorders of Content
o Overvalued ideas: are abnormal beliefs, unique to the individual which dominates his life. They differ from delusions in being less intense and less ‘unbelievable’.
o Fantasies are vivid imaginations with a wishful content perceived as unreal by the individual.
o Ideas of reference are false interpretations with a self referential quality.
o Delusions: are fixed false beliefs which are not shared by others are out of keeping with one’s educational, social and cultural background and are unshakable in the face of evidence to the contrary.
Persecutory Delusions: Patient’s conviction that he is being persecuted and harassed by others. Delusions of References: All happenings around the patient are interpreted as directed at him. Delusions of Jealously: In martial partnership one member is convinced that the other is unfaithful. Delusions of Love: Common among females with strong convictions that a particular male usually of a higher social background is in love with her and wants to marry her. Delusions of Passivity (control): The patient holds that his thoughts or actions 0r behaviors are not his own but are those of an external agency which controls him. Delusions of Grandeur: They are exalted beliefs about his self importance where the patient believes that he is endowed with supernatural powers, immense wealth and other possessions. Delusions of sin and Guilt: The patient’s conviction that he has committed unpardonable sins. Delusions of worthlessness and Poverty: The patient believes that he is a ruined man, has no worth and has no useful functions in the world. Nihilistic Delusions: The patient holds that he is doomed and no more alive and that his organs have rotted away. Hypochondriacal Delusions: Delusions of ill health. Somatic Delusions: Delusional beliefs of one’s own body parts or the body functioning.o Obsession and Compulsions: Obsessions are recurrent ideas or images or impulses that enter the person’s mind again and again in a stereotyped manner, which are disturbing to him and with which he tries to resist without success. Compulsions are rituals or stereotyped behavior, which like obsessive ideas are disturbing to the patient.
o Phobias: Persistent and morbid fears of any specific object or situation. E.g. Phobias of open places, closed spaces, height, darkness, light, strangers, animals, dead bodies, disease, thunder and lightening, etc.
o Strange experiences: Non –verbal experiences which the patient is unable to recount to others.
· Disorders of Possession: The patient believes that other person can play upon his thinking.
o Thought Insertion: The patient thinks that others thoughts are inserted in his mind.
o Thought Withdrawal: The patient thinks that his own thoughts are taken away from him.
o Thought Diffusion: The patient thinks that thoughts escape from his mind and become accessible to others.
o Thought Broadcasting: The patient thinks that his thoughts are read aloud in public.
(to be conted...)
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